Testing

First Term
This is the definition of the first term.
Second Term
This is one definition of the second term.
This is another definition of the second term.

The world is flat. We now know that the world is round.

Yoshi

This sentence uses $ delimiters to show math inline: $\sqrt{3x-1}+(1+x)^2$

highlight

X2

Use `code` in your Markdown file.

H20

I need to highlight these very important words.

Callouts

A paragraph

A paragraph

Another paragraph

The last paragraph

Highlight yellow

Highlight blue

Highlight green

Highlight red

Highlight greylt

Test 2

A paragraph

A paragraph

Another paragraph

The last paragraph

New title

β€œWhy not simply use the delay() or millis() functions to accomplish this?”

Italicizing and Bolding

Lorem ipsum

Lorem ipsum

lorem ipsum

Gone camping! :tent: Be back soon.

That is so funny! :joy:

:smile:
πŸ˜€

Tables

| head1 | head two | three | |:β€”β€”β€”β€”-|:β€”β€”β€”β€”β€”β€”|:β€”β€”| | ok | good swedish fish | nice | | out of stock | good and plenty | nice | | ok | good oreos | hmm | | ok | good zoute drop | yumm |

Code blocks

This is code

const a = 10;
static var;

Relative link within the directories:
This is a link
External Link: Arduino Docs

Images

Google Logo

hey test

oh my

sheesh

The nodes for the library and modules are also interactiveβ€”click to explore specific software functionality and learn more about its design.

Putting lines in between

hi

there

Creating an ordered list of items

  1. bananas
  2. apples
  3. durian

Creating an unordered list of items

  • bananas
  • apples
  • durian
    • cherries

Tables

| Col 1 | Col 2 | | —– | :—–: |

  • hello, this is a todo item
  • hello, this is another todo item
  • goodbye, this item is done
graph TD;
    accTitle: the diamond pattern
    accDescr: a graph with four nodes: A points to B and C, while B and C both point to D
    A-->B;
    A-->C;
    B-->D;
    C-->D;
    C-->A;
    D-->E;
    E-->A;
    E-->B;

   flowchart LR
        User(circle) --tcp/80 --> LoadBalancer>random shape] --tcp/1337 ---> Webserver{rhombus}

   flowchart LR
        subgraph PublicInternet
            User
        end
        subgraph LoadBalancingZone
            LoadBalancer
        end
        subgraph WebserverZone
            WebserverA
            WebserverB
        end

        User --tcp/80 --> LoadBalancer
        LoadBalancer --> WebserverA
        LoadBalancer --> WebserverB

        WebserverA --> DatabaseserverA
        WebserverA -.-> DatabaseserverB
        WebserverB --> DatabaseserverA
        WebserverB -.-> DatabaseserverB

    pie 
        title A piechart
        "SliceA" : 5
        "SliceB" : 15

    sankey-beta
        day, sleep, 8
        day, work, 8
        day, fun, 2

A paragraph

Another paragraph

The last paragraph

  • Understanding how to communicate between the ADC122S021 and the ATMEGA328P using the SPI protocol for serial transfer of AC voltage data.

Configuring SPI Protocol

This section describes SPI pins and clock frequency configuration to ensure successful communication.

To set the CS, MOSI, and SCLK pins to their desired state, use the following command

#include <SPI.h>

SPI.beginTransaction(SPISettings(1500000, MSBFIRST, SPI_MODE0)); // Configure and start comms

πŸ”’ PWM Timing Calculation (for 50Hz output)

\(f_{sw} = 31,372Hz\) \(f_{sw} = \frac{1}{f_{sw}} = 31.875\mu s\)

Inductor Selection

To determine the inductor current (input current draw):

\[I_{L(DC)} = \frac{V_{OUT} \times I_{OUT}}{V_{IN} \times \eta}\]
  • $V_{OUT}$ = 12V
  • $V_{IN}$ = 5V
  • $\eta$ = 0.8 (80% recommended by datasheet)
  • $I_{OUT}$ = ?

Need to find the load current that will be drawn. This boost converter is only driving the two IR2302 gate drivers for our PWM Inverter H-bridge design so if we find the current consumed by these drivers, we will effectively find the output load to drive. The current consumption of a gate driver is based upon the static and dynamic current consumption. As per the IR2302 datasheet, the max possible Quiescent Vcc supply current $I_{QCC}$ = 1.6mA. Therefore, $I_{static}$ = 1.6mA. The dynamic current consumed by the device can be found by the following relation between the total gate charge of the MOSFET and the switching frequency:

$I_{dynamic}​ = Q_{g} ​× f_{sw}$

As per the IRFB4020PBF MOSFET datasheet, the maximum total gate charge is 29nC and the switching frequency of operation of the gate drivers is 31,372Hz.

  • $Q_{g} = 29nC$
  • $f_{sw} = 31,372Hz$

Using these values, the dynamic current consumption of one MOSFET is:

$I_{dynamic}​ = 0.91mA$

Considering that the PWM inverter topology is based on 4 MOSFETs with only 2 operating at any given time simultaneously, this means the total dynamic current is $2 \times I_{dynamic}​ = 1.82mA$. Additionally, the quiescent current is dictated by two gate drivers so the total static current is $2 \times I_{static}​ = 3.2mA$.

$I_{LOAD}​ = I_{STATIC} ​+ I_{DYNAMIC}$
$I_{OUT}​ = 5.02mA$

Now that we have the total load current $I_{OUT}$ = 5.02mA, then we can solve for the inductor current using the following values:

  • $V_{OUT} = 12V$
  • $V_{IN} = 5V$
  • $I_{OUT} = 5.02mA$
  • $\eta$ = 0.8 (80% recommended by datasheet)
\[I_{L(DC)} = 15.06mA\]

The inductor ripple current is calculated with Equation 3 for an asynchronous boost converter in continuous conduction mode (CCM).

\[\Delta I_{L(\text{P-P})} = \frac{V_{IN} \times (V_{OUT} + 0.8V - V_{IN})}{L \times f_{SW} \times (V_{OUT} + 0.8V)}\]

where:

  • Ξ”IL(P-P) is inductor ripple current
  • L is inductor value
  • f SW is switching frequency
  • VOUT is output voltage
  • VIN is input voltage
flowchart LR
    A[Transformer Stage<br>β€’ Input filtering<br>β€’ Isolation<br>β€’ Secondary voltage tapping]
    B[1st Op Amp Stage<br>β€’ AC coupling<br>β€’ Gain & filter network<br>β€’ Differential input]
    C[Potentiometer Gain Control<br>β€’ Adjustable resistor<br>β€’ Sets signal amplitude]
    D[2nd Op Amp Stage<br>β€’ Final gain<br>β€’ Output conditioning]

    A --> B --> C --> D